AI芯視界

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該視頻討論了. 僅由可再生能源生產的綠色氫在幫助歷史上難以清潔的行業脫碳和防止氣候變化的最壞影響方面的潛力。 該視頻解釋了獲取氫氣的過程、各種制氫方法，並根據對環境的影響為每種方法分配了色標（棕色、灰色、藍色、粉紅色和綠色）。 儘管製造綠色氫氣仍然很昂貴， 但該視頻解釋說，解決方案正在製定中，解決其中一些問題可能會推動氫氣市場的直接銷售額達到 2.5 萬億美元。


Q:什麼是綠氫，它如何幫助防止氣候變化？
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綠色氫是完全由可再生能源生產的氫。 它被認為是一種清潔燃燒的化學品，可以幫助歷史上難以清潔的行業脫碳，例如化工、鋼鐵行業以及運輸行業。 使用綠色氫還可以通過減少碳排放來幫助防止氣候變化的最壞影響。


Q:各種制氫方法對環境有何影響？
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各種制氫方法對環境的影響取決於所使用的方法。
視頻根據環境影響為每種方法分配了不同的顏色：
- 褐氫由煤氣化產生，是污染最嚴重的方法。
- 灰色氫氣由天然氣產生，導致大量二氧化碳排放。
- 藍色氫與灰色氫類似，但不同之處在於所有二氧化碳排放都被吸收並埋在地下，從而減少了影響。
- 粉紅色氫氣由核能產生，產生核廢料。
- 綠色氫氣是利用可再生電力將水分解成氫氣和氧氣，是最環保的方法。
總的來說，用煤和天然氣等化石燃料製氫會造成污染並導致氣候變化，而綠色制氫方法清潔、可持續，對環境的影響很小或沒有影響。


Q:為什麼製造綠色氫仍然非常昂貴，有哪些解決方案可以降低成本？
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製造綠色氫氣仍然非常昂貴，因為目前用於生產綠色氫氣的技術尚未完全有效，而且為電解過程提供動力的可再生電力成本很高。 該視頻引用了國際可再生能源機構 (IRENA) 的話，
該機構報告稱，
使用最便宜的可再生技術生產的綠色氫氣成本為每公斤 2.50 美分。 然而，一家挪威電解槽製造商聲稱成本降低了 78%，將氫的平準化氫成本 (LCOH) 降低至每公斤 1.50 美分，與灰氫相同。 這意味著可以以與灰氫相同的成本生產綠氫，並且隨著技術發展和規模經濟的發揮，這些成本預計會隨著時間的推移而繼續下降。 此外，該視頻還提到，氫技術規模化需要 700 億美元的投資，如果實現，這可能會轉化為更低的成本。 總體而言，改進技術、降低可再生能源成本和大規模投資等解決方案有望繼續降低綠色氫的成本，並使其更容易為消費者所接受。


Q:灰氫與綠氫差別
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灰氫是指透過將天然氣甲烷轉化為氫氣的產物，其製造過程會伴隨著大量的二氧化碳排放。
而綠氫是使用可再生能源，例如太陽能或風力發電，將水分解成氫和氧，過程中沒有任何碳排放，是一種完全綠色的氫氣。
總的來說，
灰氫和綠氫主要的差異在於它們的製造過程中是否產生二氧化碳排放，以及其是否使用可再生能源。
灰氫是一種傳統的製氫方式，而綠氫是未來氫能產業發展的方向，因為它是一種可持續的能源，可以幫助減少對環境的影響。


Q:二氧化碳還原綠氫方法
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其實二氧化碳還原（CO2 reduction）是一個相對複雜的過程，通常需要使用一些高催化活性的催化劑和能量，例如電能或太陽能，來促進化學反應的進行。近年來，有許多研究者提出了不同的方法來實現二氧化碳還原產生綠氫，以下是其中幾種常見的方法：
1. 人工催化：利用高效穩定的催化劑（例如鈀、銅、金、銀、鎳等）來促進反應的進行，選擇適當的催化劑可以提高反應速率和產氫效率。同時，人工催化還可以實現有選擇性的產物產生，例如利用鈀催化劑可在可控條件下實現CO2轉化成甲烷產品。
2. 生物產氫：利用生物體系中的微生物（例如藍綠藻、紫外細菌等）進行光合作用，產生綠氫同時減緩CO2濃度。 這些方法所需的催化劑種類相對較簡單，且可實現綠色的產氫過程。
總而言之，二氧化碳還原產生綠色氫氣仍需要進一步的研究和開發，並且需要控制能耗和產品純度等因素，以實現商業應用的可行性。


0:00 approximately 93 million miles away 0:03 somewhere in the vastness of space our 0:06 sun continuously consumes hydrogen 0:08 through a process known as nuclear 0:10 fusion the generated solar energy 0:12 travels all the way back to Earth in the 0:14 form of light and heat making life 0:16 possible on our planet as the most 0:18 abundant element in the universe 0:20 hydrogen is unique additionally it is 0:23 the first element on the periodic table 0:25 however humanity is up against a 0:28 terrible task when it comes to 0:30 protecting our planet to avoid some of 0:32 the worst effects of climate change 0:34 experts say we must prevent global 0:36 temperatures from increasing by 1.5 0:38 degrees Celsius above the pre-industrial 0:41 levels to do this Global carbon 0:43 emissions must reach Zero by 2050 but 0:46 how can we use hydrogen to prevent the 0:48 global disaster green hydrogen is 0:51 hydrogen produced only from renewable 0:53 energy sources the advantage of green 0:55 hydrogen is that it is a clean burning 0:57 chemical allowing us to decarbonize a 0:59 variety of sectors that have been 1:01 historically difficult to clean up like 1:03 chemical Iron and Steel Industries as 1:07 well as Transportation renewable energy 1:09 can only cut the world's total emissions 1:11 by 50 to 60 percent because a lot of 1:14 other Industries and products still put 1:16 out pollution hydrogen on the other hand 1:18 could be the answer hydrogen is very 1:21 reactive so it is never found by itself 1:24 in nature instead it is always found 1:27 with other elements for example water is 1:29 made up of two atoms of hydrogen and one 1:32 atom of oxygen so to get hydrogen you 1:35 must produce it by extracting it from 1:37 naturally occurring compounds like water 1:39 it takes a lot of energy and even though 1:42 hydrogen is a clean molecule most of the 1:44 hydrogen made in the U.S today comes 1:46 from fossil fuels around 843 metric tons 1:50 of carbon dioxide are released into the 1:52 atmosphere every year by making hydrogen 1:55 this is a process that causes a lot of 1:57 pollution around the world that's the 1:59 same amount of CO2 as Indonesia and the 2:03 UK put out in a year together that's why 2:05 green hydrogen is so appealing but 2:07 making it is still very expensive even 2:10 if costs were going down there are still 2:12 a lot of problems like the lack of 2:14 infrastructure to move and store it and 2:17 the fact that fuel cells that turn 2:19 hydrogen into fuel for cars are still 2:21 costly however Solutions are on the way 2:24 and getting past some of these problems 2:26 could boost the hydrogen Market to 2:28 direct sales of 2.5 trillion dollars 2:30 there are promising hydrogen-powered 2:33 ship pilot projects even though no 2:35 hydrogen-powered ships crossed our 2:37 oceans yet Aviation too the first 2:40 commercial hydrogen-powered plane flew 2:42 in 2020 Airbus is developing three 2:45 hydrogen versions that might be deployed 2:47 by 2035. long-haul flights may be faced 2:51 some challenges but a recent study 2:53 suggests that even short and medium-hull 2:55 hydrogen flights may cut Aviation 2:57 emissions by a third this simple element 3:00 may solve a complex issue it can help 3:03 reduce emissions in polluted Industries 3:04 so we'll need a lot of it this is when 3:07 it gets complicated because hydrogen can 3:10 be obtained in a lot of ways and for 3:12 each method a color is assigned let's 3:15 see what this rainbow is all about the 3:17 rainbow scale helps identify hydrogen 3:19 production from the most environmentally 3:21 friendly to the least Brown hydrogen is 3:24 made from coal in a process known as 3:26 gasification gray hydrogen is produced 3:29 by natural gas resulting in a lot of CO2 3:31 emissions blue hydrogen is similar to 3:34 gray hydrogen but the difference is that 3:36 all CO2 emissions are absorbed and 3:39 buried underground nuclear power creates 3:41 pink hydrogen resulting in nuclear waste 3:44 but green is the most valued everyone 3:46 wants green hydrogen because it uses 3:49 renewable electricity to split water 3:51 into hydrogen and oxygen if we could 3:54 generate enough green hydrogen we'd have 3:56 a clean fuel source that could power 3:58 heavy industry replace fossil fuels and 4:00 polluting transportation and to make 4:02 electricity whenever we need it today 4:05 most hydrogen production results in 4:07 heavy pollution so which nations lead 4:10 the green hydrogen race one of them is 4:12 Australia hydrogen Renewables Australia 4:15 5 gigawatt green hydrogen plant plans to 4:18 export to the Asian continent the huge 4:21 electrolyzer will use a mix of solar and 4:23 wind energy and they will use 4:25 desalinated water from the ocean UK 4:28 offshore wind power will produce 5 4:30 gigawatts of hydrogen in 2030. green 4:33 hydrogen also inspires futuristic cities 4:35 like Saudi Arabia's 500 billion dollar 4:38 Metropolis project neome which will use 4:41 renewable hydrogen for energy the U.S 4:43 company Air Products and chemicals also 4:46 claims they are building the world's 4:48 largest green hydrogen facility to 4:50 realize the hydrogen dream with the help 4:52 of 4 gigawatt solar and wind systems 4:54 that will produce clean fuel and there's 4:57 Wuhan which is more than what we know it 4:58 for by 2025 China will make a Wuhan 5:02 hydrogen Metropolis with 100 filling 5:04 stations 5:05 green hydrogen production isn't limited 5:08 to solar and wind despite an explosion 5:10 at a hydrogen Filling Station Nell's 5:12 fuel cell EVS production is still going 5:15 at full blast no pun intended the 5:17 Norwegian company has provided clean 5:19 hydrogen since 1940. this year Scotland 5:22 will launch the world's first continuous 5:24 green hydrogen plant powered by Tides 5:27 The Missing Link is vanadium flow 5:29 batteries which will store energy 5:30 Surplus generated by tidal turbines at 5:33 high tide and release it at low tide to 5:36 add to that geothermal energy will also 5:38 contribute to Green hydrogen generation 5:40 in New Zealand at some point this year 5:42 that's not the end of it crazy 5:45 Innovations have been used to make clean 5:47 hydrogen by scientists worldwide what if 5:49 your roof solar panel produced hydrogen 5:51 Belgian researchers did it they 5:54 constructed a solar cell prototype that 5:56 produced 250 liters of hydrogen each day 5:59 from sunshine and air moisture South 6:02 Korean researchers use magnesium to 6:04 convert CO2 and CH4 into hydrogen Japan 6:08 has another cheap effective solution the 6:11 University of Tokyo made hydrogen out of 6:13 light organic waste and a catalyst made 6:16 of rust their invention produced 25 6:18 times more hydrogen than standard 6:20 methods by avoiding energy intensive 6:23 water hungry electrolysis green hydrogen 6:26 is popular but money runs the world 6:28 right is it worth the effort the 6:31 international renewable energy agency 6:33 Irena reports that green hydrogen costs 6:36 2.50 cents per kilogram when produced 6:38 with the cheapest renewable technology 6:40 Norwegian electrolyzer maker claimed a 6:43 78 percent cost reduction this lowers 6:46 hydrogen's levelized cost lcoh to 1.50 6:50 cents per kilogram same as gray hydrogen 6:53 this will put them at a price parody in 6:55 a few years hydrogen technology scaling 6:58 requires 70 billion dollars it's costly 7:00 but hydrogen may not be a good idea for 7:03 some green hydrogen Skeptics say that we 7:05 might struggle to meet Global demand for 7:07 green energy the hydrogen hype might 7:10 work as a diversion driving money away 7:12 from Renewables and battery technologies 7:15 shifting it toward oil companies 7:17 regardless of how you may feel about 7:19 that green hydrogen might be an 7:21 essential piece of the renewable energy 7:23 puzzle over the next few decades what do 7:26 you think about green hydrogen let me 7:28 know in the comments section thanks for 7:30 watching and I'll I'll see you in the 7:31 next video